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NPCI plans a 0.4% fee for merchants on certain UPI payments above ₹2,000, capped at ₹300. It was postponed until after Diwali, and merchants are now waiting for a start date. Customers won't be charged, transfers between people stay free, and very small shops are exempt. Supporters say UPI needs money to keep running and that card fees are much higher. Will shops absorb the cost, quietly pass it on, or nudge customers back to cash?